February 13, 2021
Basics In Electrical Components Start As Simply As What Is Voltage If you are an electrical engineer, you already know that. Before you scoff, however, stop to thing that your purchasing manager or CFO might not. One of the most common things we hear when we go into a company to consult to solve challenges or design specialized components is “they don’t understand.” It is not just on the more refined technical engineering side, either. Purchasing agents and buyers find it frustrating to try and learn the basics of information they need to make accurate choices in assigning vendors for bid, or what to ask for on follow-up for specs. It could be as complex as gate arrays, or as simple as what is voltage and why is it important to know the difference between it and current. When You Have Need To Provide A Definition Of Voltage, You Need To Discuss Pressure Electricity is one of those subjects that confounds and confuses most people, partly because of the math, and more because it is simply unseen save the results or lack thereof. When you are in need of specialized components for a development project, it can sometimes be very helpful to think in terms of the expertise the person handling procurement for your project may or may not have. Taking a few minutes to share some basic terminology can go a long way to alleviating errors in specification approvals or to minimize ordering issues. It could even lead to cost saving measures when a component capable of multiple tasks, such as an ASIC, is available. You and your procurement team need to have a conversation. Voltage truly is a pressure or force, one that moves charged electrons (commonly called current) through a given conductive element, item, or space (loop). That kinetic movement pushed through a loop is what allows work happen, i.e., the current creates a power source from the potential energy to make things run, such as a starter motor. In a power source that has poles or ends, such as a battery, that potential difference flows from the positive electron end to the negative and out, a process known as the difference between two points. That difference is creating the energy and a current will flow. That energy can be used for a task, such as lighting a light bulb. Excess energy then flows back to the power source. Some Historical Perspective Helps Define Voltage And Make Sense Of Terms To be more accurate, voltage is a measure of force, rather than the force itself. Voltage equals pressure, and is measured in volts (V). It was named after the Italian physicist that identified and quantified voltage and its “form”, Alessandro Volta. His work in the late 1700’s to early 1800’s led to his building a voltaic pile, the predecessor to our modern batteries. In the early days of working with electricity and its various elements, voltage was referred to as electromotive force (emf). That is why to this day various formulas about electrical current, voltage, and their interrelationship will use “E” to represent voltage. One of the most commonly known of these formulas is “Ohm’s Law” - E = I x R (voltage = current times resistance). It is also known as volts = amps (x) ohms. Voltage And Current Are Not The Same Thing Often when you overhear laymen speaking about electricity and values, they refer to current vs voltage as if they are opposing forces, or the reverse, that they are one in the same thing. They are neither. Voltage is the charge difference between two points while current is the rate at which the charge is flowing. That voltage difference is the change in the actual charge as it travels over one point on the way to the next. The other is by how much. Another way to look at it is voltage, or electromotive effect, is the cause, and current is the effect, what actually “happens”. You Are Thinking "I Know All About Voltage Definition. Why Is It Important?" It is most important to you as an engineer to know how much current is required to get something to run, or how resistance is going to play into the efficiency of something you design. They are probably every day elementary calculations to you. But what if the person you are speaking with about an integral part for a new telecommunications device does not understand that every detail on your specifications needs to be followed to the letter, and terms are not easily interchangeable? I can hear you shaking your heads no, but problems like this come up every day in purchasing departments and between those who take care of paper and those who design and discover. What if your person with the big idea knows what it needs to do, but not how it necessarily needs to work? Obviously for a hi-tech firm this is not an expected scenario, but trust me to say that it happens more often than you would like to know in regular day-to-day application where components and parts need to be custom designed to regulate a function, control a feature, or improve a product. And, often the people who need it fixed do not know the “real” terms for things as simple as amps, ohms, voltage, and resistance when electrical circuits are involved. The Correct Electrical Charge And Choice Comes Down To Money The reasons you should care boil down to money. Components with ordering errors, those with problems in interpretation of specifications end up costing manufacturing millions of dollars a year in shrink due to errors. That does not even count the time spent designing, waiting to manufacture at a fabless facility, shipping, installation/build, and then learning the part is not adequate to carry the current needed to operate the piece of equipment, or worse, causes a safety issue. Trust me when I tell you that even if the plant is self-contained, often departments do not communicate well with each other. The potential for greater misunderstanding is greater when the plants are scattered over the globe, or the person responsible does not understand the international system of units. A little education can go a long way to a final product in on schedule and within budget that does exactly what you need it to do, perform, or manage in a final product. Your Company's Electrical Potential Starts With A Team You Can Talk To Commonly used terms in the field of electrical component design are not common to many people that have to interact with those of us “in the know.” When you are having parts designed for a final product, you need to have a design team and engineering staff that can talk to everyone on your team with clear, concise, understandable terminology, whether it is your chief engineer or the QC person who has to check the inbound shipment. They all need to know what it should look like, how it should be labeled, and how to tell things apart. Good quality control starts with things as simple as knowing what voltage is and isn’t, so they know that a 1.5 volt battery versus a 15 volt one is totally different voltage but current is the same. It starts with hiring a solid design team that can work with your staff at all levels, eliminating errors, re-runs, spec mistakes, and budget overruns. US-ASIC is one of those companies with a great deal of experience, superb client interaction, and they have some of the best agreements for fabless semi-conductor and component manufacturing in the world. We know how to communicate with everyone on your staff. Check them out and you won’t find yourself in the predicament of explaining to your staff what voltage is after it’s too late.